Renal Dosage Handbook

Wormwood Uses, Benefits Dosage. Scientific Names Artemisia absinthium L. Family Asteraceae daisiesCommon Names Wormwood, absinthium, armoise, wermut, absinthe, absinthites, ajenjo, pelin otu, aci pelin, ak pelin, buyuk pelin, vilayati afsanteen 1, 2, 3, 4. Renal Dosage Handbook' title='Renal Dosage Handbook' />PDF printable version of 4. Influenza of the 10th edition of the Handbook. This chapter was amended on February 2017. Virology 4. 7. 2 Clinical features. Handbook of Feed Additives 2009 Handbook of Feed Additives 2009 is one of several directories, periodicals and reports published by Simon Mounsey Ltd. Amongst our. Uses. Wormwood was traditionally used to treat worm infestations, although there is no clinical data supporting this use. Anti inflammatory, antipyretic, and chemotherapeutic activity is documented in nonhuman studies. Information regarding the plants use in Crohn disease is limited. Wormwood is also used as a flavoring agent. Dosing. Wormwood is commercially available as an essential oil, as well as in capsule, tablet, tincture, and aqueous extract dosage forms. However, there is no recent clinical evidence to support dose recommendations for wormwood. Traditional use for treating dyspepsia was dosed at 3 to 5 g daily as an infusion or 2 to 3 g daily as the herb. Contraindications. Avoid use with hypersensitivity to any of the components of wormwood, particularly the essential oil. It may be contraindicated in patients with an underlying defect with hepatic heme synthesis thujone is a porphyrogenic terpenoid. PregnancyLactation. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get. Documented abortifacient and emmenagogue effects. Avoid use. Interactions. None well documented. Adverse Reactions. Thujone produces a state of excitement and is a powerful convulsant. Ingestion of wormwood may result in absinthism, a syndrome characterized by digestive disorders, thirst, restlessness, vertigo, trembling of the limbs, numbness of the extremities, loss of intellect, delirium, paralysis, and death. Toxicology. Wormwood is classified as an unsafe herb by the Food and Drug Administration FDA because of the neurotoxic potential of thujone and its derivatives. Renal Dosage Handbook' title='Renal Dosage Handbook' />The safety of wormwood is poorly documented despite its long history as a food additive. Convulsions, dermatitis, and renal failure have been documented. Botany. Wormwood is an odorous, perennial shrub native to Europe and naturalized in the northeastern, central, and northwestern United States. Its aromatic leaves have a strong sage odor and bitter taste, and its multibranched stems are covered with fine, silky hairs. The plant has a fibrous root system and grows to about 1. Its small flowers, which bloom July through August, are green to yellow and arranged in large, spike like panicles. The deeply lobed leaves are grayish green in color. Leaves and stems no thicker than 4 mm are used medicinally. History. The name wormwood is derived from ancient use of the plant and its extracts as an intestinal anthelmintic. In Pakistans indigenous medicinal systems, the leaves and flowering tops are used as an anthelmintic, antiseptic, febrifuge, and stomachic, and to alleviate chronic fever, dyspepsia, and hepatobiliary ailments. An ethobotanical study in Turkey documents the plants use as an abortifacient, as a blood depurative, and in treating stomach aches. It has also been used as an appetizer. Caribbean folk medicine documents the use of wormwood for menstrual pain, vaginitis, and other unspecified female complaints. Extracts of the plant are used as a bitter seasoning for food and added to drinks such as beer, tea, or coffee. In western European traditional herbal medicine, wormwood was recommended for gastric pain, cardiac stimulation, and to restore declining mental function. French and Spanish New Mexicans used the plant species along with other plants as an emmenagogue. In traditional Chinese medicine, practitioners treated acute bacillary dysentery by applying fresh and dried absinthium. A poultice of the plant has been used medicinally for tendon inflammation, and wormwood tea was used traditionally as a diaphoretic. Wormwood extract is the main ingredient in absinthe, a toxic liquor that induces absinthism, a syndrome characterized by addiction, GI problems, auditory and visual hallucinations, epilepsy, brain damage, and increased risk of psychiatric illness and suicide. The drink has been banned in several countries, but in the 1. The emerald green color of absinthe liquor came from chlorophyll however, copper and antimony salts were reportedly added as colorants to inferior batches, with toxic consequences. Thujone free wormwood extract is currently used as a flavoring, primarily in alcoholic beverages such as vermouth. Chemistry. The medicinal or active components in wormwood are the essential oils, anabsinthin, absinthin, resins, and organic acids. The bitter taste of wormwood is caused by the glucosides absinthin and anabsinthin, and several related compounds. Lactones include arabsin, artabin, ketopelenolide, and others related to santonin. An important isolated flavonoid is 5,6,3,5 tetramethoxy 7,4 hydroxyflavone p. F. 1. 5Essential oils. Many Artemisia species contain monoterpenoid thujone derivatives with toxic CNS effects. Wormwood typically contains small amounts of thujone derivatives, including 0. Z thujone and 0. E thujone 2, 3 however, the thujone content varies widely. The major components of wormwood oil include chamazulene 1. The essential oils also contain a large amount of aromatic compounds 4. The plant contains a pleasant smelling volatile oil about 1 to 2 by weight, as well as phellandrene, pinene, azulene, and more than 6 other minor components. Flowers may contain oil composed of up to 3. Cis and trans epoxycymenes account for up to 5. Italian absinthium. The herb is standardized based on absinthin. Wormwood contains trace amounts of thymol and carvacrol, as well as other phenolic compounds with potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. Uses and Pharmacology. Scientific literature contains mostly phytochemical, ethnopharmacological, and ethnobotanical investigations, with little clinical investigation of wormwood. Anthelmintic activity. The anthelmintic activity of the plant is thought to be caused by lactones related to santonin, which is found in wormseed and other species of Artemisia. In addition, thujone can stun roundworms, which can then be expelled by normal intestinal peristalsis. Animal data. A similar study of plants in central Italy reported some veterinary use of the plant as an anthelmintic for cows. Clinical data. An ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological study documented the use of wormwood for treating intestinal worms in Dominica, West Indies. Antifungal activity. In vitro data. The essential oils distilled from the aerial parts of A. Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Antimicrobial activity. Thujone oils are recognized as the active constituents affecting microbial growth. Cheat Aimbot Cs 1.6. In vitro data. The essential oils of wormwood have antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, C. Aspergillus niger. The activity was considered comparable with that of erythromycin. Animal data. Hexane, chloroform, and water soluble extracts of A. No toxic effects were documented for the plant extract at doses up to 1. Crohn disease. Clinical data. In Germany, a double blind, placebo controlled trial examined the efficacy of administering an herbal blend 3 5. Crohn disease. Twenty patients received the treatment, while the remaining patients received placebo. All patients achieved good control of their symptoms through use of steroids and other medications.